南京做FDA验厂费用和周期 需要的进来看看
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关 键 词：南京做FDA验厂费用和周期
行 业：商务服务 认证服务
发布时间：2020-04-18
美国对医疗器械企业的质量体系要求
因应将来FDA查厂，建议以此逐条查检公司的执行是不是符合要求？
再以ISO13485标准审核。（以补不足）
坐而言不如起而行，各公司就自己所负责的工作内容，逐一自审，就从现在开始做都不嫌晚，怕是没有要做的意念，消极被动，都不足取，FDA早晚会来查，一定会查，如果没有做，到时候自己解释，而且解释也没有用，如果FDA审核员判刑，恐怕万一产品以后无法出口，谁也负责不了，配合的供应商也是如此。
如果真的要完全全的落实法律法规程序办法的要求，公司要有专人专职负责人来处理。同样的，供应商也要有专人专职负责人来处理。
2.企业管理者一定要全力支持管理者代表。
（如果管理者代表不适任或无法推动QMS，就立即换人）
3.成立专案小组，负责质量管理系统的执行。（非一人可成事）
4.各公司就自己所负责的内容，先行查核，如有不足则改。
5.要制定供应商的质量协议，其中应该包括质量不良的惩罚条款。
6.如果一切就绪，再找专家复核一次，如此应可以面对FDA了。
PS：
1.项次2&项次3，就像义务一样，既然要求质量，就一定要 有赏罚的机制。（FDA检查是攸关公司存亡的大事）试问：如果没有通过，不能出口美国，怎么办？
2.FDA人员一般现场审核要3-4天，所以公司要特别注意，因为重头戏真的是在供应商这个部分。
美国的医疗器械法规体系
美国国会是法律的制定机构，其制定的联邦食品、药品和化妆品法案（FDA）是美国关于医疗器械管理的法律性质文件。
美国食品药品监督（FDA）是负责医疗器械管理的机构。其根据各相关法律授权制定的各类法规性质的文件编号为21CFRXXXXX。（XXXX为阿拉伯数字）其中21CFR820是FDA根据联邦食品、药品和化妆品法501，502,510,513,514,515,518,519,520,522,701,704,801,803条款的授权而制定的规范医疗器械企业质量体系要求的法规，也就是Quality System Regulation,简称QSR820或QSR。
1.根据法律规定，例行检查。（大多数情况）
2.制造被销往美国Ⅱ类器械或有510（K）的器械，容易被抽到。
3.为国外大公司做OEM的。
4.产品在美国市场发生质量事故。
QSR质量管理体系法规（21 CFR Part 820）
è 21 CFR PART 820,即QSR（以前叫做cGMP）
21是联邦法规的代码，820是有关于医疗器械的法规。
QSR=QSR820=21 CFR820都是一样的。
如果产品要出口到美国，那么就要遵守QSR。
成品要遵守QSR，原材料和半成品则不需要，但也鼓励遵守QSR。
è美国为消费大国，ISO13485是美国的法规要求。
MDR医疗器械（事故）报告（21CFR Part 803）
关键区域是指当无菌药品及包装容器要暴露于生产环境的生产区域，这个生产环境必须设计得能够保持无菌条件（§211.42(c)(10))。在此区间生产活动包括在灌装和密封之前无菌材料的操作（如：无菌连接，无菌药品成分添加）。
This area is critical because an exposed product is vulnerable to contamination and will not be subsequently sterilized in its immediate container. To maintain product sterility, it is essential that the environment in which aseptic operations (e.g., equipment setup, filling) are conducted be controlled and maintained at an appropriate quality. One aspect of environmental quality is the particle content of the air. Particles are significant because they can enter a product as an extraneous contaminant, and can also contaminate it biologically by acting as a vehicle for microorganisms (Ref. 2). Appropriately designed air handling systems minimize particle content of a critical area.
这个区域很关键，因为一个暴露的产品很容易被感染，在以后的包装中也不能再进行灭菌。为了保证产品无菌，在一定质量水平上控制和维护进行无菌操作（如设备安装，灌装）的环境是很重要的。环境质量的一个方面是空气中微粒的含量。空气中的微粒很重要因为它们可以成为外来污染成分进入产品，也可以成为微生物的载体来污染产品（参考2）。恰当设计的空气处理系统能减少关键区域的微粒成分。
Air in the immediate proximity of exposed sterilized containers/closures and filling/closing operations would be of appropriate particle quality when it has a per-cubic-meter particle count of no more than 3520 in a size range of 0.5 mm and larger when counted at representative locations normally not more than 1 foot away from the work site, within the airflow, and during filling/closing operations. This level of air cleanliness is also known as Class 100 (ISO 5).
在直接靠近暴露的消毒包装容器和灌封操作的空气，其0.5mm的微粒数应当不超过3520每立方米，而在工作点1英尺以外的测试点动态操作条件下的层流空气微粒数要大一些。这也就是洁净度为也是100级(ISO 5)的空气质量标准。
We recommend that measurements to confirm air cleanliness in critical areas be taken at sites where there is most potential risk to the exposed sterilized product, containers, and closures. The particle counting probe should be placed in an orientation demonstrated to obtain a meaningful sample. Regular monitoring should be performed during each production shift. We recommend conducting nonviable particle monitoring with a remote counting system. These systems are capable of collecting more comprehensive data and are generally less invasive than portable particle counters. See Section X.E. for additional guidance on particle monitoring.
我们建议判断空气洁净标准的测量可在无菌产品，容器和胶塞容易暴露的场所进行。微粒计数仪探头应在一个意义的地方取样。每个生产班次都应进行日常监控 。我们建议用一个远程计数系统来进行静态的检测。这套系统能够收集更为广泛的数据，而且对环境的影响比手提式微粒计数器更小。关于微粒监测，请参照第十章第E部分。
Some operations can generate high levels of product (e.g., powder) particles that, by their nature, do not pose a risk of product contamination. It may not, in these cases, be feasible to measure air quality within the one-foot distance and still differentiate background levels of particles from air contaminants. In these instances, air can be sampled in a manner that, to the extent possible, characterizes the true level of extrinsic particle contamination to which the product is exposed. Initial qualification of the area under dynamic conditions without the actual filling function provides some baseline information on the non-product particle generation of the operation.
有些操作能产生高水平的产品微粒（如：粉剂），但这些微粒没有产品感染的危险。在这些情况下，在一英尺距离内测量空气质量，并仍然将微粒的背景程度与空气污染因素区分开是不太可能的。在这些情况下，空气可以在尽可能的方式下取样，以判断产品暴露地方的外来微粒的真实水平。初没有进行灌装时的动态条件下的验证能提供操作时非产品微粒的基础信息。
HEPA-filtered air should be supplied in critical areas at a velocity sufficient to sweep particles away from the filling/closing area and maintain unidirectional airflow during operations. The velocity parameters established for each processing line should be justified and appropriate to maintain unidirectional airflow and air quality under dynamic conditions within the critical area (Ref. 3).
在关键区域的HEPA过滤的[4]空气，其流速应当足够将灌封区域产生的微粒清除，并且能在操作区间维持层流。关键区域的每条生产线所设立的速度参数都应当规范，能适应于动态下保持空气层流以及空气质量（参考文献3）。[5]
Proper design and control prevents turbulence and stagnant air in the critical area. Once relevant parameters are established, it is crucial that airflow patterns be evaluated for turbulence or eddy currents that can act as a channel or reservoir for air contaminants (e.g., from an adjoining lower classified area). In situ air pattern analysis should be conducted at the critical area to demonstrate unidirectional airflow and sweeping action over and away from the product under dynamic conditions. The studies should be well documented with written conclusions, and include evaluation of the impact of aseptic manipulations (e.g., interventions) and equipment design. Videotape or other recording mechanisms have been found to be useful aides in assessing airflow initially as well as facilitating evaluation of subsequent equipment configuration changes. It is important to note that even successfully qualified systems can be compromised by poor operational, maintenance, or personnel practices.
恰当的设计和控制能预防关键区域的紊流及空气滞留。一旦建立相应的参数，测量紊流或涡流空气的流动模式很重要，它们可以成为空气污染的渠道或仓库（如从临近低洁净级别带入）。现场空气流动模式分析应当在关键区域进行，以显示动态环境下层流及气流流过产品或离开产品时的流向。研究应当用书面形式总结，包括对无菌操作的影响（如干扰）及设备设计的评估。在气流和促进设备结构改变的评估方面，录像带或其他录像机器是很有用的。需要注意的是即使很成功合格的体系也可以被不适当的操作、维护或个人工作方式所危害。
21 CFR 211.42(b) states, in part, that “The flow of components, drug product containers, closures, labeling, in-process materials, and drug products through the building or buildings shall be designed to prevent contamination.”
CFR211.42(b)规定，“药物成分、容器、密封、标签、中间材料和药品在厂房内或厂房间的运输应该能够防止污染。”
21 CFR 211.42(c) states, in part, that “Operations shall be performed within specifically defined areas of adequate size. There shall be separate or defined areas or such other control systems for the firm’s operations as are necessary to prevent contamination or mixups during the course of the following procedures: * * * (10) Aseptic processing, which includes as appropriate: (i) Floors, walls, and ceilings of smooth, hard surfaces that are easily cleanable; (ii) Temperature and humidity controls; (iii) An air supply filtered through high-efficiency particulate air filters under positive pressure, regardless of whether flow is laminar or nonlaminar; (iv) A system for monitoring environmental conditions; (v) A system for cleaning and disinfecting the room and equipment to produce aseptic conditions; (vi) A system for maintaning any equipment used to control the aseptic conditions.”
CFR211.42(c )规定，“操作应当在有充足空间的指定区域内进行。操作应该分隔或指定的区域，或者有其它控制系统，以便在下面过程中防止污染或混淆： …（10）无菌加工，措施包括以下：(i)地面、墙面和天花板的表面平滑、坚硬并且容易清洁；(ii)温度和湿度控制；(iii)供应通过HEPA滤器过滤的空气，并保持正压，不论气流是层流或非层流；(iv)检测环境质量的系统；(v)清洁及消毒房间和设备以产生无菌条件的系统；(vi) 维护用于控制无菌环境的任何设备的系统。”
21 CFR 211.46(b) states that “Equipment for adequate control over air pressure, micro-organisms, dust, humidity, and temperature shall be provided when appropriate for the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug product.”
CFR211.46(b)规定，“当对生产、制造、包装或储存药品有利时，应当提供能充分控制压差、微生物、尘埃粒子、湿度及温度的设备。”
21 CFR 211.46(c) states, in part, that “Air filtration systems, including prefilters and particulate matter air filters, shall be used when appropriate on air supplies to production areas * * *.
CFR211.46(c )规定，“当对供应生产区域的空气有利时，应当提供空气过滤系统，包括初效过滤器及颗粒空气过滤器…。”
21 CFR 211.63 states that “Equipment used in the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug product shall be of appropriate design, adequate size, and suitably located to facilitate operations for its intended use and for its cleaning and maintenance.”
CFR211.63规定，“用于生产、加工、包装及储存药品的设备应当设计合理，有足够空间并且被适当定位，以方便其既定用途的操作并且方便清洁和维护。”
21 CFR 211.65(a) states that “Equipment shall be constructed so that surfaces that contact components, in-process materials, or drug products shall not be reactive, additive, or absorptive so as to alter the safety, identity, strength, quality, or purity of the drug product beyond the official or other established requirements.”
CFR211.65(a)规定，“设备接触药品成分、中间材料或药品的表面应该无反应、无添加并且无吸附，不会改变药品的安全性、成分、浓度、质量或纯度并使它们超出或已经建立的标准。”
21 CFR 211.67(a) states that “Equipment and utensils shall be cleaned, maintained, and sanitized at appropriate intervals to prevent malfunctions or contamination that would alter the safety, identity, strength, quality, or purity of the drug product beyond the official or other established requirements.”
CFR211.67(a)规定，“设备和器具应当以合适间隔清洁、维护和消毒，以预防故障或污染改变药品的安全性、成分、浓度、质量或纯度并使它们超出或已经建立的标准。”
21 CFR 211.113(b) states that “Appropriate written procedures, designed to prevent microbiological contamination of drug products purporting to be sterile, shall be established and followed. Such procedures shall include validation of any sterilization process.”
CFR211.63(b)规定，“应当建立及遵从预防无菌药品受到微生物感染的合适书面程序。 这些程序应当包括任何灭菌工艺的验证。”
As provided for in the regulations, separate or defined areas of operation in an aseptic processing facility should be appropriately controlled to attain different degrees of air quality depending on the nature of the operation. Design of a given area involves satisfying microbiological and particle criteria as defined by the equipment, components, and products exposed, as well as the operational activities conducted in the area.
如法规规定，无菌加工设施中操作的分隔或指定区域应当受到合理控制，以根据操作的性质而获得空气质量的不同水平。给定区域的设计应该满足微生物和尘埃粒子标准，所述标准根据设备、成分和暴露的产品以及在该区域内进行的操作而确定。
Clean area control parameters should be supported by microbiological and particle data obtained during qualification studies. Initial cleanroom qualification includes, in part, an assessment of air quality under as-built, static conditions. It is important for area qualification and classification to place most emphasis on data generated under dynamic conditions (i.e., with personnel present, equipment in place, and operations ongoing). An adequate aseptic processing facility monitoring program also will assess conformance with specified clean area classifications under dynamic conditions on a routine basis.
洁净区域控制参数应当得到验证期间获得的微生物和尘埃粒子数据支持。洁净室的验证其中包括对空态、静态条件下空气质量的评价。区域验证和分级中，重要的是将大部分重点放在动态条件（即设备到位、人员到岗并且进行操作）下产生的数据。充分的无菌加工设施监测程序也将评估在日常运作的动态条件下与特定洁净区域分级的符合性。
The following table summarizes clean area air classifications and recommended action levels of microbiological quality (Ref. 1).
FDA 工厂检查即FDA派遣审核官员对医疗器械生产场所质量体系法规符合性进行检查.FDA 负责其审核官员的所有费用.随着中国制造的一次性医疗器械对美国市场的出口增长. "Made in China" 的 医疗器械在美国出现的频率也越来越高,已经开始吸引FDA越来越多的注意力.FDA 对中国医疗器械企业的工厂检查的覆盖面越来越广,自2003年以来每年都会被"抽"到几十多家,例如:上海美华,苏州美欣,浙江康德莱,大连OMRON, 淄博山川,威高,温州宏顺等等.
频繁的工厂检查一方面提高了美国市场的进入门榄,另一方面迫使国内厂商" 自觉"遵守美国医疗器械的法规.
化妆品FDA 验厂依据FDA指南文件
Guidance forIndustry Cosmetic Good Manufacturing Practices
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATIONCOMPLIANCE PROGRAM
GUIDANCEMANUAL -COSMETIC MANUFACTURING INSPECTIONS
方法/步骤:
1.现已有质量管理体系与法规要求的差距
2.咨询过程的整体设计,包括现场的整改以及文件化体系以及应用的整改;
3.收集现有的文件资料:质量手册,程序文件,作业指导书,工艺文件,检验规程,记录等
4.基于FDA审核要求文件记录审阅,检查生产全过程GMP,设备设施维持GMP内容,咨询师与企业相关人员一起进行文件系统修整;
5.帮助企业发现车间和仓库的不足与整改;
6.对企业人员进行迎接审核技巧的培训;
7.体系有效性的检查,在FDA来审核之前,安排本公司评审员进行模拟审核;
8.陪同FDA验厂;
8.协助企业进行不符合项的整改.
美国在FDA网站上,对已经注册的企业进行抽查审核;公司接到验厂通知时,不要着急,根据邮件的内容仔细回复,如不知如何回复,也可及时将安排专业的老师指导企业回复邮件;依据21CFR Part(QSR)820审核,整改,陪同审核服务.如企业在之前的审核中没有通过,收到美国FDA发出的警告信,或者被美国FDA拉入红名单禁止出口,也可以协助企业处理.
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